What are the common risk factors for coronary artery disease?
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition that develops when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque, a condition known as atherosclerosis. Various risk factors contribute to the development and progression of CAD, many of which are modifiable, while others are non-modifiable. Understanding these risk factors is essential for prevention and management. 1. Non-Modifiable Risk Factors These are risk factors that cannot be changed or influenced by lifestyle choices: Age As individuals age, the risk of developing CAD increases. Men aged 45 or older and women aged 55 or older are at a higher risk. Gender Men are generally at a higher risk of developing CAD earlier in life than women. However, post-menopausal women have an increased risk due to the reduction in protective hormones like estrogen. Family History A family history of heart disease, particularly if a first-degree relative (parent o...